Dreadnoughtus was a herbivore.It lived in the Cretaceous period and inhabited South America.Its fossils have been found in places such as Argentina. Quick facts about Dreadnoughtus: Existed from 83.6 million years ago to 66 million years ago. Sep 04, 2014  A multinational group of paleontologists has described a new titanosaurian dinosaur, named Dreadnoughtus schrani, from Upper Cretaceous sediments in.

Name: Dreadnoughtus ‭(‬Fearing nothing‭)‬.
Phonetic: Dread-nort-us.
Named By: K.‭ ‬J.‭ ‬Lacovara,‭ ‬L.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Ibiricu,‭ ‬M.‭ ‬C.‭ ‬Lamanna,‭ ‬J.‭ ‬C.‭ ‬Poole,‭ ‬E.‭ ‬R.‭ ‬Schroeter,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬V.‭ ‬Ullmann,‭ ‬K.‭ ‬K.‭ ‬Voegele,‭ ‬Z.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Boles,‭ ‬V.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Egerton,‭ ‬J.‭ ‬D.‭ ‬Harris,‭ ‬R.‭ ‬D.‭ ‬Martínez,‭ ‬F.‭ ‬E.‭ ‬Novas‭ ‬-‭ ‬2014.
Classification: Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Saurischia,‭ ‬Sauropoda,‭ ‬Titanosauria.
Species: D.‭ ‬schrani‭ (‬type‭)‬.
Diet: Herbivore.
Size: Up to‭ ‬26‭ ‬meters long and around‭ ‬59‭ ‬tons in weight for the holotype individual,‭ ‬fully grown adults would have been larger,‭ ‬but total size cannot yet be confirmed.
Known locations: Argentina,‭ ‬Santa Cruz Province.
Time period: Campanian/Maastrichtian of the Cretaceous.
Fossil representation: Roughly half of the post cranial skeleton and a maxilla of the skull.‭ ‬Remains are of a younger and not yet fully grown individual.

Titanosaurs like most sauropod dinosaurs are usually only known from partial remains such as one or two legs,‭ ‬a sequence of vertebrae or the occasional isolated skull.‭ ‬This is because their inherent large size makes it unlikely that the whole body will be buried and preserved before scavengers and environmental effects scatter the bones of an individual so that the skeleton is only preserved in a few pieces.‭ ‬But in‭ ‬2005‭ ‬a new discovery was made in Argentina,‭ ‬a new titanosaur with roughly half the skeleton preserved in a semi articulated fashion.‭ ‬At the time of naming in‭ ‬2014‭ ‬Dreadnoughtus was the most complete titanosaur known from South America,‭ ‬and worldwide only genera such as Rapetosaurus from Madagascar are known to be more complete.
Dreadnoughtus is yet another example of the large titanosaurs that were living in South America all the way to the end of the Cretaceous period.‭ ‬The holotype individual of Dreadnoughtus was estimated to be about twenty-six meters long,‭ ‬just over eleven meters of which was neck.‭ ‬The body weight of this dinosaur has also been established to around the fifty-nine metric tons mark.‭ ‬However the absence of an outer layer of bone on the vertebrae‭ (‬external fundamental system‭) ‬but instead continued presence of a fast growing bone type indicates that the holotype individual was not fully grown at the time of death.‭ ‬This reveals that fully grown adults of Dreadnoughtus would have been longer and heavier than what we know the holotype to have been.
Because of the completeness of the Dreadnoughtus remains it has been possible to infer a few things about this dinosaur.‭ ‬The Dreadnoughtus holotype has the largest known scapula‭ (‬shoulder blade‭)‬,‭ ‬ilium‭ (‬upper hip bone‭) ‬as well as forearms‭ ‬that‭ ‬are proportionately longer than any other known titanosaur at the time of writing.‭ ‬However while the humerus‭ (‬upper arm bone‭) ‬of Dreadnoughtus is also long,‭ ‬it is actually shorter than the humerus of Paralititan from Egypt,‭ ‬which is amongst the largest known.‭ ‬Fully grown Dreadnoughtus may have had a humerus that was longer,‭ ‬but the measurements from the holotype at least indicate that there can be a broad difference in features amongst titanosaurs and sauropods even though they all have the same basic body plan of four legs and long neck.‭ ‬In an addition to the proportional notes,‭ ‬many of the bones particularly those associated with the neck,‭ ‬show the presence of pneumatic air sacs.‭ ‬This is yet further proof that dinosaurs had an avian-like respiratory system.
The Dreadnoughtus holotype seems to have been deposited in a flood event perhaps‭ as part of a river changing course.‭ ‬The teeth of large theropod dinosaurs‭ (‬possibly megaraptoran‭) ‬were found amongst the holotype skeleton,‭ ‬though given the context of the rock deposits these may be a sign of scavenging as opposed to hunting.

Further reading
-‭ ‬A Gigantic,‭ ‬Exceptionally Complete Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from Southern Patagonia,‭ ‬Argentina.‭ ‬-‭ ‬Scientific Reports‭ ‬-‭ ‬K.‭ ‬J.‭ ‬Lacovara,‭ ‬L.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Ibiricu,‭ ‬M.‭ ‬C.‭ ‬Lamanna,‭ ‬J.‭ ‬C.‭ ‬Poole,‭ ‬E.‭ ‬R.‭ ‬Schroeter,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬V.‭ ‬Ullmann,‭ ‬K.‭ ‬K.‭ ‬Voegele,‭ ‬Z.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Boles,‭ ‬V.‭ ‬M.‭ ‬Egerton,‭ ‬J.‭ ‬D.‭ ‬Harris,‭ ‬R.‭ ‬D.‭ ‬Martínez,‭ ‬F.‭ ‬E.‭ ‬Novas‭ ‬-‭ ‬2014.
-‭ ‬Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate‭ ‬170‭ ‬Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage.‭ ‬-‭ ‬PLoS Biol‭ ‬12‭(‬5‭) ‬-‭ ‬Roger B.‭ ‬J.Benson,‭ ‬Nicolás E.‭ ‬Campione,‭ ‬Matthew T.‭ ‬Carrano,‭ ‬Phillip D.Mannion,‭ ‬Corwin Sullivan,‭ ‬Paul Upchurch,‭ ‬David C.‭ ‬Evans‭ ‬-‭ ‬2014.

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The word big does not do justice to a massive, long-necked dinosaur that shook the Earth in Argentina about 77 million years ago.Try colossal, enormous, gargantuan and stupendous — and you might come close to an accurate description of this behemoth, known to scientists as Dreadnoughtus schrani. We thought it was time a plant-eating dinosaur got a badass name. Matt Lamanna, Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryScientists on Thursday announced the discovery in southern Patagonia of remarkably complete and well-preserved fossil remains of the dinosaur, which weighed 59,300 kilograms and measured 26 metres long with a neck 11.3 metres long and a tail 8.7 metres long.Paleontologist Kenneth Lacovara of Drexel University in Philadelphia, who discovered the dinosaur and led the effort for its excavation and analysis, said the scientists calculated its weight on the basis of the bones in its upper arm and thigh. 7 times more massive than T. RexDreadnoughtus weighed more than an adult sperm whale or a herd of African elephants.

Tipping the scales at seven times as much as the dinosaur T. Rex, it made the North American menace that also lived during the Cretaceous Period look puny.

Scientists found 45 per cent of the skeleton of Dreadnoughtus, including most of the important bones. Drexeul University paleontologist Kenneth Lacovara poses here with the dinosaur's right tibia or shin-bone.

(Kenneth Lacovara )Dreadnoughtus had 'the largest reliably calculable weight' of any known land animal — dinosaur or otherwise, Lacovara said.Another giant Argentine dinosaur, Argentinosaurus, might have been larger, he said, but its scant remains do not allow a reliable weight estimate. Had cited Argentinosaurus, with an estimated weight of 82,107 kilograms, as the largest dinosaur.While strictly a vegetarian, Dreadnoughtus was not timid. Steam one way heroics. With its size and a tail that could have clobbered any predator foolish enough to attack it, it probably had nothing to fear from even the largest meat-eating dinosaurs.Its name reflects that.' We decided on Dreadnoughtus — meaning 'fearer of nothing' — because when you're as big as this thing was, you're probably not afraid of too much,' said one of the researchers, Matt Lamanna of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh.'

Not to mention we thought it was time a plant-eating dinosaur got a badass name. Those are usually reserved for the meat-eaters,' said Lamanna, a paleontologist. The dinosaur's tail alone was 8.7 metres long and could have clobbered any predator foolish enough to attack it. (Kenneth Lacovara)Lacovara said the name also was a nod to the powerful battleships called dreadnoughts, dating from the turn of the last century, that were designed to be impervious to attack.Dreadnoughtus probably spent its days munching massive quantities of plants to fuel its enormous body. It was a member of a group of dinosaurs called titanosaurs that are thought to have been the largest dinosaurs that ever lived.Argentinosaurus also was a titanosaur.Most titanosaurs are known only from fragmentary remains, but the scientists found 45 per cent of the skeleton of Dreadnoughtus, including most of the important bones. Lamanna called it 'a treasure trove of information on one of the most successful, but least understood, dinosaur groups of all.' Biggest was not even fully grownThe researchers found two specimens of Dreadnoughtus side by side — one larger than the other, but the scary thought is that they believe the larger one was not even fully grown.'

It appears that both individuals died and were buried rapidly after a river flooded and broke through its natural levee, turning the ground into a soupy mixture of sand, mud and water,' Lacovara said.To attack a healthy adult Dreadnoughtus, a solitary predator 'would have to have been suicidal,' Lamanna said. 'It's conceivable that a pack of these predators could take down a sick or old Dreadnoughtus, but a single carnivore versus a 'Dread' would be a drubbing.' The study appears in the Nature journal Scientific Reports. CommentsTo encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations, first and last names will appear with each submission to CBC/Radio-Canada's online communities (except in children and youth-oriented communities). Pseudonyms will no longer be permitted.By submitting a comment, you accept that CBC has the right to reproduce and publish that comment in whole or in part, in any manner CBC chooses. Please note that CBC does not endorse the opinions expressed in comments. Comments on this story are moderated according to our.

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